Alankara and Rasa are two foundational concepts in classical Indian aesthetics, particularly in literature, poetry, and performing arts.
Alankara refers to the figurative use of language, encompassing embellishments or ornaments in literary works. It includes metaphors, similes, and other rhetorical devices that enhance the beauty and emotional appeal of a text. Alankaras are categorized into various forms, such as “shabda alankara” (sound-based) and “artha alankara” (meaning-based).
Rasa, on the other hand, is the essence or emotional flavor evoked in the audience. As outlined by Bharata in the Natyashastra, there are nine primary rasas: Shringara (love), Hasya (humor), Karuna (compassion), Raudra (anger), Veera (heroism), Bhayanaka (fear), Bibhatsa (disgust), Adbhuta (wonder), and Shanta (peace). Rasa is the core experience that transforms a work of art into a deeply moving experience, creating an emotional resonance between the performer and the audience. Together, Alankara and Rasa elevate artistic expression, blending form and emotion.